The most satisfactory outcome of any research project is the publication of any findings in a scientific journal. Articles are written in a standard style, preceded with a short summary (i.e., 'abstract') followed by the Introduction, Patients and Methods, Results, Discussion and References.
When an article is submitted for publication, it is subjected to peer review by two or three acknowledged experts in the field. They prepare an anonymous critique of the article, recommending to the editor whether the article should be accepted, rejected, or re-considered after corrections have been made.
Whenever a scientific article appears, the title, the authors' names and addresses, and the abstract are published in an electronic index, which can be reviewed on the internet and in any hospital or university library. In this way, other workers around the world will know about the article and can read the publication.
Apart from original scientific reports, journals also publish 'Case Reports' and 'Letters to the Editor', which describe one or two patients with a rare condition. In addition, journals publish reviews and editorials, which give a broad overview of a particular subject.
Despite our electronic age, textbooks are still an important source of information. They are mostly written by numerous authors, each author writing one or two chapters. They are invited to contribute these chapters to the textbook by an editor, who is in charge of the selecting contributors and checking the work submitted.
Single author texts are still published, in which an authority in a special field covers the entire subject alone or with one or two co-authors.
Bertil Damato has written a textbook, which was published in June 2000, aimed at general ophthalmologists, optometrists and other practitioners involved in the care of patients with ocular tumours. You may buy Ocular Tumours - Diagnosis and Treatment by Bertil Damato online.
Increasingly, scientific texts are being published on CD roms and on the Internet so that they are more widely available and more easily 'searchable' using key words.
Most video communications tend to show extracts of surgical operations and are designed to demonstrate a new technique or a method of avoiding or dealing with complications. These videos are usually shown at conferences, either as part of an oral lecture, or in a special hall, where videos from numerous contributors are shown continuously. With the development of digital video, it is technically possible for animated images to be included in teaching websites on the Internet.
We have recently started obtaining consent for video recordings of surgical procedures, whether or not the patient is identifiable. If asked for such consent, you are under no obligation to give your permission for the recording to be made and your decision will not influence your care in any way. After the operation, the recording is stored for a minimum of six months and is given the same level of protection as medical records against improper disclosure. At any time, patients can withdraw their consent to the use of the recording. Current GMC guidelines suggest that patients should be given the chance, if they wish, to see the recording in the form in which it will be shown. However, as with any surgical video, the images may be upsetting for a non-medical person.
Almost all conferences now include poster displays, with each poster summarizing a study or case presentation, with graphs and photographs as necessary. Poster sessions are usually organized so that the authors will stand next to their exhibits at selected times, so that they are available to discuss their work with other delegates. Some conferences, such as the prestigious Association for Research and Vision in Ophthalmology (ARVO), held in Fort Lauderdale each spring, rely almost entirely on posters. This is a highly effective form of communication because it allows a one-to-one discussion with the author of the work.
In all scientific communications, special precautions are taken to ensure that the patient's confidentiality is respected at all times. Patients' names and hospital numbers are obscured and if it necessary to show a photograph of a face, then consent is obtained from the patient.